Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unreliable in predicting melanoma mortality for both younger and older patients

Authors

Anthony J. Dixon, Australasian College of Cutaneous Oncology, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
Athanassios Kyrgidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Howard K. Steinman, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA.
John B. Dixon, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Michael Sladden, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Claus Garbe, Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
Aimilios Lallas, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Christopher B. Zachary, Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Ulrike Leiter-Stoppke, Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
Harvey Smith, Oxford Dermatology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Alexander Nirenberg, Australasian College of Cutaneous Oncology, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
Christos C. Zouboulis, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany.
Caterina Longo, Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Giuseppe Argenziano, Dermatology Unit, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.
Zoe Apalla, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Catalin Popescu, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Thrasyvoulos Tzellos, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Stuart Anderson, Maffra Medical Group, Maffra, Victoria, Australia.
Lloyd Cleaver, A T Still University, Kirksville, Missouri, USA.
J Meirion Thomas, Formerly of Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Melanoma disease patterns vary with patient age.

Aim: To evaluate sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in managing melanoma at differing patient ages.

Methods: Online prediction tools were applied to compare SLNB positivity (SLNB+) and survival risk at patient ages 20-80. Tübingen melanoma data were used to determine variations in the hazard ratio of SLNB+ for mortality at different patient ages.

Results: Regardless of tumour thickness, predicted SLNB+ rates were markedly higher than mortality rates for 20-year-old patients. For 80-year-old patients, it is the opposite.

Discussion: If 1000 20-year-olds with a 0.4 mm thickness non-ulcerated melanoma underwent SLNB, 100 would likely be positive. If all 100 were to be offered adjuvant drug therapy (ADT), fewer than three more melanoma deaths in those 1000 patients would be avoided. In total, 97 patients would have received medication they may never have needed. If 1000 80-year-olds with a 3 mm thickness non-ulcerated melanoma underwent SLNB, only 40 would likely be positive. In total, 274 patients would be predicted to die of melanoma, 245 being SLNB negative and 29 SLNB+. ADT linked to SLNB+ could deny treatment to 89% of these high-risk patients.

Limitations: The authors relied on published risk data.

Conclusion: SLNB has poor specificity at predicting mortality in young melanoma patients and poor sensitivity in older patients. SLNB is not indicated in managing cutaneous melanoma for patients under 40 or over 60 years of age. Many such patients could be managed with wide local excision alone in their clinician's office-based practice. For all cutaneous melanoma patients at all ages, linking ADT to BAUSSS biomarker, (an algorithm of Breslow thickness, age, ulceration, subtype, sex and Site) rather than SLNB+ is likely more appropriate. BAUSSS provides a more accurate melanoma-specific mortality risk assessment for patients without burdening them with added surgery, hospitalization, costs or morbidity risk.

First Page

741

Last Page

751

DOI

10.1111/jdv.19772

Publication Date

4-2024

Comments

Dixon, A. J., Kyrgidis, A., Steinman, H. K., Dixon, J. B., Sladden, M., Garbe, C., Lallas, A., Zachary, C. B., Leiter-Stöppke, U., Smith, H., Nirenberg, A., Zouboulis, C. C., Longo, C., Argenziano, G., Apalla, Z., Popescu, C., Tzellos, T., Anderson, S., Nanz, L., Cleaver, L., … Thomas, J. M. (2024). Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unreliable in predicting melanoma mortality for both younger and older patients. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 38(4), 741–751.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19772

Accepted Version

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Recommended Citation

Dixon, A. J., Kyrgidis, A., Steinman, H. K., Dixon, J. B., Sladden, M., Garbe, C., Lallas, A., Zachary, C. B., Leiter-Stöppke, U., Smith, H., Nirenberg, A., Zouboulis, C. C., Longo, C., Argenziano, G., Apalla, Z., Popescu, C., Tzellos, T., Anderson, S., Nanz, L., Cleaver, L., … Thomas, J. M. (2024). Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unreliable in predicting melanoma mortality for both younger and older patients. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 38(4), 741–751.